Page 59 - ANALISIS DAN INVENTARARISASI PERMASALAHAN TEKNIS HUKUM

TIDAK UNTUK
DIPERJUALBELIKAN

ceroboh (careless action), melainkan juga secara ceroboh mengabaikan
keharusan untuk bertindak (careless omission to act).” 70
William R. Anson menyatakan bahwa pengertian tanggung jawab
merupakan satu di antara istilah yang kurang signifikan sehingga
ia mempersamakan pengertian tanggung jawab dengan pengertian
“tugas” (duty), di sisi lain ia menyatakan pengertian responsibility
merupakan antonim dari istilah keistimewaan (privilege) atau ke­
bebasan (liberty). Dalam pengertian kedua, istilah “liability” ber­
hu bungan dengan kekuasaan korelatif dan lawan dari kekebalan
(immunity). John Salmond menyatakan istilah tanggung jawab dan
71
pertanggungjawaban merupakan pengikat yang dibutuhkan di an­
tara pelaku kesalahan dan ganjaran bagi kesalahan. 72
PUSLITBANG
Menurut Black Law Dictionary, istilah liability, sebagai kata benda
artinya antara lain: (1) kualitas atau pernyataan tentang kewajiban
atau pertanggungjawaban hukum; pertanggungjawaban hukum ke­
pa da pihak lain atau masyarakat, didasarkan kepada tuntutan keper­
dataan atau hukum pidana (tanggung jawab atas kerugian yang
disebabkan atas kelalaian)—juga digunakan istilah legal liability;
responsibility; (2) (sebagai kata depan) sebuah kewajiban finansial
atau denda; utang (kewajiban pajak), contohnya aset dan kewajiban.
n.1. The quality or state of being legally obligated or accountable; legal
responsibility to another or to society, enforceable by civil remedy or

70 Ibid.
71 “The term ‘liability’ is one of at least double signification. In one sense it is the synonym
of duty, the correlative of right; in this sense it is the opposite of privilege or liberty. If a
duty rests upon a party, society is now commanding performance by him and threatening
penalties. In a second sense, the term ‘liability’ is the correlative of power and the opposite of
immunity. In this case society is not yet commanding performance, but it will so command if
the possessor of the power does some operative act. If one has a power, the other has a liabi-
lity. It would be wise to adopt the second sense exclusively. Accurate legal thinking is difficult
when the fundamental terms have shifting senses”. William R. Anson, Principles of the Law
of Contract 9 (Arthur L. Corbin ed., 3d Am. ed. 1919).
72 “Liability or responsibility is the bond of necessity that exists between the wrongdoer and
the remedy of the wrong. This vinculum juris is not one of mere duty or obligation; it pertains
not to the sphere of ought but to that of must.” John Salmond, Jurisprudence 364 (Glanville
L. Williams ed., 10th ed. 1947). Black Law Dictionary, hlm. 2676. Uraian lebih lanjut tentang
topik liability dan responsibility dapat dilihat antara lain pada R.G. Frey and Christopher
W. Morris (eds), Liablity and Responsibity, Essay In Law and Morals (Cambrigde: Cambrigde
University Press, 1991).

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