Page 49 - ANALISIS DAN INVENTARARISASI PERMASALAHAN TEKNIS HUKUM

TIDAK UNTUK
DIPERJUALBELIKAN

yang identik dengan hal­hal yang sifatnya termasuk dalam kategori
maladministrasi. 56
Menurut Dacian C. Dragos dkk., dua model sikap diam administrasi
dan karakteristiknya adalah sebagai berikut: 57

TABEL 2.1
DUA MODEL SIKAP DIAM ADMINISTRASI DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA
Negative model or Positive model or tacit/silent
deemed refusal authorisation/approval/consent
Social context The model tries to insure that conflic- The model tries to deal away with ad-
ting interests are balanced in the de- ministrative red tape and to speed up
cisions. It relies on the pre-eminence administrative procedures. It relies
of the public interest on deregulation, legal certainty, it is
business oriented
Legal context The model is based on the fact that The model relies on the principle
accountability lies with public autho- that the burden of administrative
rity and that administrative compe- inactivity must not be ascribed to the
tence is exclusive. It requires a merit party, hence, any claim not refused in
review of the matter in order to in- due time is deemed granted
sure that conditions to grant a right
are fulfilled
Non-observance of the time limit by If there is a deadline breach in issuing
Basic PUSLITBANG
characteristics the administration leads to an app- an act, the application is deemed gr-
lication to be deemed to be rejected. anted and rights claimed is acknow-
The party can lodge an administrati- ledged.
ve appeal and/or court actio, leading However, some further procedural

the proof of that
When the system is mainly based on For this model, the exceptions seem
Exceptions to a devolution of competence steps may be required in order to get
this model, the exceptions are usually to be numerous, stipulated by gene-
those cases in which sector-specific ral and sector-specific laws for sen-
laws regulate the positive sitive cases where tacit approval is
model, mainly based on the Service considered to be risky: international
Directive obligations, public finances, environ-
ment, heritage, social matters, urban
planning

56 “Maladministrasi adalah perilaku atau perbuatan melawan hukum, melampaui wewe-
nang, menggunakan wewenang untuk tujuan lain dari yang menjadi tujuan wewenang
tersebut, termasuk kelalaian atau pengabaian kewajiban hukum dalam penyelenggaraan
pelayanan publik yang dilakukan oleh Penyelenggara Negara dan pemerintahan yang menim-
bulkan kerugian materiil dan/atau immateriil bagi masyarakat dan orang perseorangan”.
Indonesia, Undang-Undang tentang Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, UU No. 37 Tahun
2008 (LNRI Tahun 2008 No. 139, TLN No. 4899). Ps. 1 Butir (3).
57 Dacian C. Dragos, Polonca Kovać & Hanna D. Tolsma (eds), “The Sound of Silence in
European Administrative Law”, (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020), hlm. 13-14.

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