Page 48 - ANALISIS DAN INVENTARARISASI PERMASALAHAN TEKNIS HUKUM

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DIPERJUALBELIKAN

perdata di negara­negara Eropa daratan bahkan sudah dikenal prinsip
diam berarti setuju, sebagai contoh dalam kitab hukum perdata
Jerman berlaku ketentuan jika buah­buahan milik seseorang terjatuh
di halaman pekarangan tetangganya, maka buah­buahan tersebut
dianggap milik si tetangga. Elena Emilia Stefan mengemukakan
54
sebagai berikut:

“In the civil law there is a very well-known theory of the legal value of silence.
It’s the Latin adage “qui tacit consentire videtur”, i.e. “he who is silent is
taken to agree”. As a rule, in the civil law, silence is not seen as externalized
consent. As an exception, silence is seen as consent: 1) when the law exp-
ressly provides it; 2) when, due to the express will of the parties, a certain
legal significance is ascribed to silence; 3) when silence is seen as consent
PUSLITBANG
according to the customs.” 55

Dalam konteks hukum kontemporer, konsep fiktif positif digu­
nakan dan dikembangkan dari suatu kondisi atau keadaan ketika
otoritas administrasi bersikap tidak sebagaimana seharusnya yakni
diam mengabaikan suatu permohonan yang ditujukan kepadanya
(administrative inaction), tidak melayani secara optimal (unprofessi­
onal), bersikap tidak responsif (unresponsive), memproses suatu per­
mohonan secara berlarut­larut (delaying services) dan lain sebagainya

a free Roman citizen, so that his will made prior to captivity could be regarded as valid (fictio
legis Corneliae)”. Ibid., hlm. 215. Hukum Romawi kuno banyak mengadopsi fiksi hukum ke
dalam struktur hukum mereka. Satu di antara fiksi hukum yang diwariskan oleh era hukum
Romawi tersebut adalah natuurlijk person dan juristical persons. Terkait kematian secara
hukum, Friedrich Karl von Savigny menyatakan: “The expression Civil Death (Mors civilis)
first occurs in more modern times, and in order to designate it accurately shall call it the
“Fiction of Death”, that is to say the treatment of living person as if he were dead. This Fiction
is always joined as wholly positive result to every MAGNA CAPITIS DEMINUTIO, although
it does not necessarily follow from the latter concept ($69, page 52). It stands therefore in the
same relation as CAPITIS DEMINUTIO to Criminal Punishments; Prisoner of War undergoes
the Fiction of Death, while the RELE GATUS is free from its effects; so that we can only say of
this Fiction also, that it is united as positive consequence to several Criminal Punishments”
W.H. Ratiigan, Jural Relations, or, the Roman Law of Person As Subject of Jural Relations,
A Translation of The Second Book of Savingny’s Systems of Modern Roman Law, Savigny,
Friedrich Karl von, System des heutigen romischen Rechts, (Westpoint: Ildy, Hyperion Press,
1884), hlm. 121.
54 Von Jannis Broscheit, Rechtswirkungen von Genehmigungsfiktionen im Öffentlichen
Recht, (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2016), hlm. 13-14.
55 Elena Emilia Stefan, “Short Considerations On The Tacit Approval Procedure”, LESIJ NO.
XVII, VOL. 2/2010., hlm. 71.

BAB 2 SIKAP DIAM ADMINISTRASI DAN PERADILAN ADMINISTRASI • 29